Comparison

Taiwan vs Japan

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Taiwan

In Taiwan, cram schools (buxiban) are so common that streets around them have rush hour at 9 PM.

Taiwan's educational intensity rivals South Korea and Japan โ€” children's evenings are structured around supplementary classes that extend the school day well into the night.

Japan

In Japan, six-year-olds ride the Tokyo subway alone.

A culture of collective responsibility and meticulous safety infrastructure makes child independence possible in one of the world's largest cities.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
4.2
Taiwan
2.3
Japan
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
4.3%
Taiwan
3.4%
Japan
%
Child poverty rate
n/a
Taiwan
13.9%
Japan
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Taiwan
Banned
Japan
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
20%
Taiwan
53%
Japan
%
Paid parental leave
26 wk
Taiwan
58 wk
Japan
weeks
Child stunting rate
n/a
Taiwan
7.1%
Japan
%
Immunization (DPT3)
97%
Taiwan
99%
Japan
%
Adolescent birth rate
4.0
Taiwan
3.1
Japan
per 1,000
PISA average score
547
Taiwan
536
Japan
points
Secondary completion rate
97%
Taiwan
99%
Japan
%
Early childhood education enrollment
96%
Taiwan
90%
Japan
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Taiwan
100%
Japan
%
Child labor rate
0%
Taiwan
0%
Japan
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
0.9%
Taiwan
1.6%
Japan
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Taiwan
Japan
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Taiwan
Japan
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Taiwan
Japan
Low High
School systems
East Asian model with recent progressive reforms

Taiwan

Nine years of compulsory education plus a 12-year extension making senior high school nearly universal. The curriculum underwent major reform in 2019, adding elective courses and reducing mandatory content. Mandarin is the language of instruction, with Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka, and indigenous languages offered.

East Asian model

Japan

Academic rigor balanced with group harmony. Students clean their own classrooms and serve lunch. The school year starts in April. Cram schools (juku) supplement formal education for 60%+ of students by middle school.

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โ† Taiwan profile ยท Japan profile โ†’