Comparison

Sweden vs United States

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Sweden

In Sweden, parents get 480 days of paid leave — 90 reserved exclusively for each parent.

Sweden's parental leave system is the most generous in the world. The 'daddy quota' ensures fathers take at least 90 days — or the family loses them. The result: Swedish fathers spend more time with young children than fathers in almost any other country.

United States

In parts of the US, letting your child walk to school alone can trigger a call to child protective services.

A culture of intensive parenting and liability anxiety has made American childhood the most supervised in history.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
2.7
Sweden
6.4
United States
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
6.8%
Sweden
5.0%
United States
%
Child poverty rate
9.0%
Sweden
20.2%
United States
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Sweden
Not fully banned
United States
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
51%
Sweden
34%
United States
%
Paid parental leave
69 wk
Sweden
0 wk
United States
weeks
Child stunting rate
n/a
Sweden
2.1%
United States
%
Immunization (DPT3)
97%
Sweden
93%
United States
%
Adolescent birth rate
4.7
Sweden
15.4
United States
per 1,000
PISA average score
494
Sweden
489
United States
points
Secondary completion rate
88%
Sweden
91%
United States
%
Early childhood education enrollment
96%
Sweden
66%
United States
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Sweden
100%
United States
%
Child labor rate
0%
Sweden
0%
United States
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
3.4%
Sweden
0.6%
United States
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Sweden
United States
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Sweden
United States
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Sweden
United States
Low High
School systems
Nordic model

Sweden

Compulsory school starts at age 6 (förskoleklass) with a play-based transition year. Formal instruction begins at age 7. No grades until year 6. Schools are free and state-funded, though free schools (friskolor) operate with public money.

American model

United States

Highly decentralized — quality varies enormously by zip code. School starts at age 5 (kindergarten). Strong emphasis on extracurriculars, especially sports. Standardized testing shapes curriculum.

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