Comparison

Sweden vs Japan

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Sweden

In Sweden, parents get 480 days of paid leave — 90 reserved exclusively for each parent.

Sweden's parental leave system is the most generous in the world. The 'daddy quota' ensures fathers take at least 90 days — or the family loses them. The result: Swedish fathers spend more time with young children than fathers in almost any other country.

Japan

In Japan, six-year-olds ride the Tokyo subway alone.

A culture of collective responsibility and meticulous safety infrastructure makes child independence possible in one of the world's largest cities.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
2.7
Sweden
2.3
Japan
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
6.8%
Sweden
3.4%
Japan
%
Child poverty rate
9.0%
Sweden
13.9%
Japan
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Sweden
Banned
Japan
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
51%
Sweden
53%
Japan
%
Paid parental leave
69 wk
Sweden
58 wk
Japan
weeks
Child stunting rate
n/a
Sweden
7.1%
Japan
%
Immunization (DPT3)
97%
Sweden
99%
Japan
%
Adolescent birth rate
4.7
Sweden
3.1
Japan
per 1,000
PISA average score
494
Sweden
536
Japan
points
Secondary completion rate
88%
Sweden
99%
Japan
%
Early childhood education enrollment
96%
Sweden
90%
Japan
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Sweden
100%
Japan
%
Child labor rate
0%
Sweden
0%
Japan
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
3.4%
Sweden
1.6%
Japan
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Sweden
Japan
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Sweden
Japan
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Sweden
Japan
Low High
School systems
Nordic model

Sweden

Compulsory school starts at age 6 (förskoleklass) with a play-based transition year. Formal instruction begins at age 7. No grades until year 6. Schools are free and state-funded, though free schools (friskolor) operate with public money.

East Asian model

Japan

Academic rigor balanced with group harmony. Students clean their own classrooms and serve lunch. The school year starts in April. Cram schools (juku) supplement formal education for 60%+ of students by middle school.

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