Rwanda vs Mozambique
Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.
Rwanda
Rwandan children learn in three languages: Kinyarwanda, English, and French.
Rwanda switched its entire education system from French to English in 2008, creating a generation of trilingual children navigating three linguistic worlds.
Mozambique
Mozambican children speak Portuguese at school but one of 40 local languages at home.
As the only Portuguese-speaking country in East Africa, Mozambique's children navigate between colonial-era school language and indigenous mother tongues daily.
Rwanda
Rwanda follows a 6-3-3-4 structure. Kinyarwanda is the medium of instruction in lower primary, with English taking over from grade 4. French is taught as a subject. A competency-based curriculum replaced rote learning approaches in 2015.
Mozambique
Mozambique uses a 7-3-2 system with Portuguese as the language of instruction. Primary education is free but not yet universally accessible. Bilingual education programs using local languages have been piloted in rural areas.
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