Comparison

Norway vs Japan

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Norway

In Norway, all children have a legal right to attend kindergarten from age 1 โ€” and 92% do.

Since 2009, every Norwegian child has a statutory right to a kindergarten place. With fees capped at roughly $300/month and heavy public subsidies, near-universal attendance from age 1 is the norm.

Japan

In Japan, six-year-olds ride the Tokyo subway alone.

A culture of collective responsibility and meticulous safety infrastructure makes child independence possible in one of the world's largest cities.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
2.4
Norway
2.3
Japan
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
6.6%
Norway
3.4%
Japan
%
Child poverty rate
7.6%
Norway
13.9%
Japan
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Norway
Banned
Japan
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
60%
Norway
53%
Japan
%
Paid parental leave
59 wk
Norway
58 wk
Japan
weeks
Child stunting rate
n/a
Norway
7.1%
Japan
%
Immunization (DPT3)
97%
Norway
99%
Japan
%
Adolescent birth rate
4.1
Norway
3.1
Japan
per 1,000
PISA average score
478
Norway
536
Japan
points
Secondary completion rate
86%
Norway
99%
Japan
%
Early childhood education enrollment
97%
Norway
90%
Japan
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Norway
100%
Japan
%
Child labor rate
0%
Norway
0%
Japan
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
3.2%
Norway
1.6%
Japan
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Norway
Japan
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Norway
Japan
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Norway
Japan
Low High
School systems
Nordic model

Norway

Children start school at age 6 with a year of play-based learning. Formal academic instruction begins at age 7. No grades until year 8. Education is free through university. Small class sizes and high teacher autonomy are hallmarks.

East Asian model

Japan

Academic rigor balanced with group harmony. Students clean their own classrooms and serve lunch. The school year starts in April. Cram schools (juku) supplement formal education for 60%+ of students by middle school.

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โ† Norway profile ยท Japan profile โ†’