Latvia vs South Korea
Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.
Latvia
Latvian children weave flower crowns and jump over bonfires during the midsummer Jani festival.
The Jani summer solstice celebration is the most beloved Latvian holiday, where children stay up all night singing folk songs around fires.
South Korea
In South Korea, one exam at age 18 can shape a child's entire educational trajectory.
The Suneung exam is so high-stakes that planes are grounded, police escort latecomers, and the entire nation adjusts its schedule for test day.
Latvia
Latvia follows a 9-3 system with compulsory education from ages 5 to 16. Latvian is the language of instruction. The system transitioned from Russian and minority-language schools to Latvian-only instruction in 2019, affecting the large Russian-speaking minority.
South Korea
Intensely competitive from elementary school onward. The public school day runs until 3-4 PM, but most students continue at private hagwon academies until 10 PM or later. South Korea spends more on private tutoring per student than any other OECD nation.
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