Comparison

Japan vs Taiwan

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Japan

In Japan, six-year-olds ride the Tokyo subway alone.

A culture of collective responsibility and meticulous safety infrastructure makes child independence possible in one of the world's largest cities.

Taiwan

In Taiwan, cram schools (buxiban) are so common that streets around them have rush hour at 9 PM.

Taiwan's educational intensity rivals South Korea and Japan โ€” children's evenings are structured around supplementary classes that extend the school day well into the night.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
2.3
Japan
4.2
Taiwan
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
3.4%
Japan
4.3%
Taiwan
%
Child poverty rate
13.9%
Japan
n/a
Taiwan
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Japan
Banned
Taiwan
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
53%
Japan
20%
Taiwan
%
Paid parental leave
58 wk
Japan
26 wk
Taiwan
weeks
Child stunting rate
7.1%
Japan
n/a
Taiwan
%
Immunization (DPT3)
99%
Japan
97%
Taiwan
%
Adolescent birth rate
3.1
Japan
4.0
Taiwan
per 1,000
PISA average score
536
Japan
547
Taiwan
points
Secondary completion rate
99%
Japan
97%
Taiwan
%
Early childhood education enrollment
90%
Japan
96%
Taiwan
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Japan
100%
Taiwan
%
Child labor rate
0%
Japan
0%
Taiwan
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
1.6%
Japan
0.9%
Taiwan
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Japan
Taiwan
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Japan
Taiwan
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Japan
Taiwan
Low High
School systems
East Asian model

Japan

Academic rigor balanced with group harmony. Students clean their own classrooms and serve lunch. The school year starts in April. Cram schools (juku) supplement formal education for 60%+ of students by middle school.

East Asian model with recent progressive reforms

Taiwan

Nine years of compulsory education plus a 12-year extension making senior high school nearly universal. The curriculum underwent major reform in 2019, adding elective courses and reducing mandatory content. Mandarin is the language of instruction, with Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka, and indigenous languages offered.

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โ† Japan profile ยท Taiwan profile โ†’