Comparison

Japan vs Sweden

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Japan

In Japan, six-year-olds ride the Tokyo subway alone.

A culture of collective responsibility and meticulous safety infrastructure makes child independence possible in one of the world's largest cities.

Sweden

In Sweden, parents get 480 days of paid leave — 90 reserved exclusively for each parent.

Sweden's parental leave system is the most generous in the world. The 'daddy quota' ensures fathers take at least 90 days — or the family loses them. The result: Swedish fathers spend more time with young children than fathers in almost any other country.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
2.3
Japan
2.7
Sweden
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
3.4%
Japan
6.8%
Sweden
%
Child poverty rate
13.9%
Japan
9.0%
Sweden
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Japan
Banned
Sweden
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
53%
Japan
51%
Sweden
%
Paid parental leave
58 wk
Japan
69 wk
Sweden
weeks
Child stunting rate
7.1%
Japan
n/a
Sweden
%
Immunization (DPT3)
99%
Japan
97%
Sweden
%
Adolescent birth rate
3.1
Japan
4.7
Sweden
per 1,000
PISA average score
536
Japan
494
Sweden
points
Secondary completion rate
99%
Japan
88%
Sweden
%
Early childhood education enrollment
90%
Japan
96%
Sweden
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Japan
100%
Sweden
%
Child labor rate
0%
Japan
0%
Sweden
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
1.6%
Japan
3.4%
Sweden
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Japan
Sweden
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Japan
Sweden
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Japan
Sweden
Low High
School systems
East Asian model

Japan

Academic rigor balanced with group harmony. Students clean their own classrooms and serve lunch. The school year starts in April. Cram schools (juku) supplement formal education for 60%+ of students by middle school.

Nordic model

Sweden

Compulsory school starts at age 6 (förskoleklass) with a play-based transition year. Formal instruction begins at age 7. No grades until year 6. Schools are free and state-funded, though free schools (friskolor) operate with public money.

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