Comparison

Japan vs Spain

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Japan

In Japan, six-year-olds ride the Tokyo subway alone.

A culture of collective responsibility and meticulous safety infrastructure makes child independence possible in one of the world's largest cities.

Spain

In Spain, children routinely stay up past 10 PM โ€” and nobody bats an eye.

Family life revolves around late meals, evening paseos, and a rhythm that baffles Northern European parents.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
2.3
Japan
3.0
Spain
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
3.4%
Japan
4.3%
Spain
%
Child poverty rate
13.9%
Japan
20.4%
Spain
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Japan
Banned
Spain
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
53%
Japan
37%
Spain
%
Paid parental leave
58 wk
Japan
16 wk
Spain
weeks
Child stunting rate
7.1%
Japan
n/a
Spain
%
Immunization (DPT3)
99%
Japan
95%
Spain
%
Adolescent birth rate
3.1
Japan
6.8
Spain
per 1,000
PISA average score
536
Japan
481
Spain
points
Secondary completion rate
99%
Japan
78%
Spain
%
Early childhood education enrollment
90%
Japan
97%
Spain
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Japan
100%
Spain
%
Child labor rate
0%
Japan
0%
Spain
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
1.6%
Japan
1.3%
Spain
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Japan
Spain
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Japan
Spain
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Japan
Spain
Low High
School systems
East Asian model

Japan

Academic rigor balanced with group harmony. Students clean their own classrooms and serve lunch. The school year starts in April. Cram schools (juku) supplement formal education for 60%+ of students by middle school.

Continental European model

Spain

School starts at age 6. Strong emphasis on academic content from early grades. Homework is expected from age 6-7. Most schools run 9 AM to 5 PM with a long lunch break.

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โ† Japan profile ยท Spain profile โ†’