Comparison

Japan vs Norway

Side-by-side comparison of how these places approach childhood.

At a glance

Japan

In Japan, six-year-olds ride the Tokyo subway alone.

A culture of collective responsibility and meticulous safety infrastructure makes child independence possible in one of the world's largest cities.

Norway

In Norway, all children have a legal right to attend kindergarten from age 1 โ€” and 92% do.

Since 2009, every Norwegian child has a statutory right to a kindergarten place. With fees capped at roughly $300/month and heavy public subsidies, near-universal attendance from age 1 is the norm.

Indicators side by side
Under-5 mortality rate
2.3
Japan
2.4
Norway
per 1,000
Education spending (% of GDP)
3.4%
Japan
6.6%
Norway
%
Child poverty rate
13.9%
Japan
7.6%
Norway
%
Corporal punishment
Banned
Japan
Banned
Norway
Childcare enrollment (0-2)
53%
Japan
60%
Norway
%
Paid parental leave
58 wk
Japan
59 wk
Norway
weeks
Child stunting rate
7.1%
Japan
n/a
Norway
%
Immunization (DPT3)
99%
Japan
97%
Norway
%
Adolescent birth rate
3.1
Japan
4.1
Norway
per 1,000
PISA average score
536
Japan
478
Norway
points
Secondary completion rate
99%
Japan
86%
Norway
%
Early childhood education enrollment
90%
Japan
97%
Norway
%
Birth registration rate
100%
Japan
100%
Norway
%
Child labor rate
0%
Japan
0%
Norway
%
Child benefit spending (% of GDP)
1.6%
Japan
3.2%
Norway
% of GDP
How they compare
Child independence expectations
Japan
Norway
Low High
Structured enrichment emphasis
Japan
Norway
Low High
Risk tolerance in play
Japan
Norway
Low High
School systems
East Asian model

Japan

Academic rigor balanced with group harmony. Students clean their own classrooms and serve lunch. The school year starts in April. Cram schools (juku) supplement formal education for 60%+ of students by middle school.

Nordic model

Norway

Children start school at age 6 with a year of play-based learning. Formal academic instruction begins at age 7. No grades until year 8. Education is free through university. Small class sizes and high teacher autonomy are hallmarks.

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โ† Japan profile ยท Norway profile โ†’